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gas van
A gas van or gas wagon ((ロシア語:душегубка) (''dushegubka''); (ドイツ語:Gaswagen)) was a vehicle equipped as a mobile gas chamber. The vehicle had an air-tight compartment for victims, into which exhaust fumes were transmitted while the engine was running. The victims were gassed with carbon monoxide, resulting in death by monoxide poisoning and suffocation. The gas van was invented and used by the Soviet secret police NKVD in the late 1930s during the Great Purge.〔Yevgenia Albats, ''KGB: The State Within a State''. 1995, page 101〕〔Robert Gellately. ''Lenin, Stalin, and Hitler: The Age of Social Catastrophe.'' Knopf, 2007 ISBN 1-4000-4005-1 (p. 460 )〕〔Catherine Merridale. ''Night of Stone: Death and Memory in Twentieth-Century Russia.'' Penguin Books, 2002 ISBN 0-14-200063-9 p. 200〕〔Timothy J. Colton. ''Moscow: Governing the Socialist Metropolis.'' Belknap Press, 1998. ISBN 0-674-58749-9 (p. 286 )〕 It was later widely implemented as an extermination method in Nazi Germany to kill those the regime deemed enemies of the state, mostly Jews.〔("Gas Wagons: The Holocaust's mobile gas chambers" ), an article of Nizkor Project〕
==Invention and use in Soviet Union==
The gas van was invented in the Soviet Union〔〔〔〔(Е. Жирнов. "По пути следования к месту исполнения приговоров отравлялись газом". Коммерсантъ Власть, № 44, 2007. )〕〔(Н. Петров. "Человек в кожаном фартуке". Новая газета, спецвыпуск "Правда ГУЛАГа" от 02.08.2010 № 10 (31). )〕 in 1936,〔 by Isay Berg, the head of the administrative and economic department of the NKVD of Moscow Oblast which suffocated batches of prisoners with engine fumes in a camouflaged bread van while on the drive out to the mass graves at Butovo, where the prisoners were subsequently buried.〔 According to Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn,
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